Are People Still Possessed by Demons?
February 18, 2019 at 10:37 am | Posted in Q&A | 7 CommentsTags: commentary on Mark, demonic possession, depression, exorcism, Job 1, Job 2, Mark 5, mental illness, Sunday School lessons on Mark
Question: While studying Mark 5:1-17, I realized that how this “wild man” was described sounded a lot like someone who today would be called mentally ill. People say there are no demon possessions anymore, but our hospitals are full of people cutting themselves and crying out in despair (Verse 5). Could mental illness be less of a “chemical imbalance” and more of a demonic presence?
Answer: That’s a great question. I do not think the Bible says anything to indicate that demon possession can’t still occur today, although it is true that it may be misdiagnosed as another problem, because, like you said, “people SAY there are no demon possessions any more.”
There are a couple of issues here, though. First, a person who has trusted Christ unto salvation is indwelt by the Holy Spirit, so that person can not be truly “possessed,” although he or she may be what we call “oppressed,” meaning that sometimes God allows demons to have access to the lives of Christians to cause problems for them as part of God’s secret plan for our good. You can see this happening in Job Chapters 1 and 2, for example. But Luke 5 clearly shows that people without saving faith in Christ can certainly be possessed, controlled, and driven mad by demons. Thankfully, they can also be delivered and set free by Jesus!
Second, some mental illnesses are caused by physical things, such as chemicals in the brain. The doctors examine the levels of certain elements in their blood, and, when certain chemicals in their blood are low or high, they act crazy (crazier than the average person, anyway). They are given medicine, and after a while it gets into their systems, and they start acting normal (or at least some reasonable semblance of “normal”) again. There are Bible verses that encourage us to treat certain illnesses with medication, since God created the chemicals that the medicines are made out of, and since He gave doctors or scientists the wisdom to figure this out. So there’s nothing wrong with doing that, when it is in fact a physical, rather than a spiritual, problem.
Of course, if there are no conclusive medical results, it’s hard to tell demonic activity apart from a chemical imbalance, or conditions caused by past mental trauma, which is why we always need to pray for healing and trust God before we go to the doctors, and even while they’re trying to treat it. He is the one who ultimately gets credit for the healing, regardless of the means used to accomplish it.
Furthermore, one thing that often gets overlooked is that physical illness – in both the body AND the brain – CAN be caused by unconfessed or unrepented-of sin in our life, even though that’s not always the cause. Some verses that show this are: Psalm 38:3-8; Pslam 6:2-3; Psalm 51:8; Psalm 32:3.
Personal anecdotes are not authoritative like Scripture, so you don’t have to read this part unless you want to, but I will share one very strange experience I had. At the church where our family served at the time, a young man (mid-20s) came forward at the end of a worship service. His father-in-law, who was one of those big muscular motorcycle-gang-looking men, had dragged him to church against his will. I took him back in a little prayer room we had and talked to him about being saved. He said that he went to church when he was a kid, but when he was about 12 he went to some kind of heavy metal rock concert, where they were singing about the Devil and hell and had those pentagram things on the stage. He said that, afterwards, he got out of church and started drinking and doing drugs and other stuff. He looked truly miserable to be in church that morning, and his in-laws and his wife were outside the room praying for him. This dude’s face was just strange. His brows were furrowed down, his teeth were kind of bared, he had a wild look in his eyes, even his hair looked all disheveled and strange. It was so weird, because I don’t think he was trying to make a monster-face, but he just sort of looked like that. However, the longer I talked to him about Jesus and showed him from the Bible how his sins could be forgiven, the more intently he listened, and he started to look more scared and sweaty than mean. Finally, I asked him if he wanted to trust Christ, and we prayed. When we finished praying, he looked up, and it was so bizarre! His whole face looked different! He almost didn’t look like the same person. He was smiling and crying at the same time, his hair was laying down, his facial features were uncreased. To be honest, it kind of freaked me out, and I was thinking, “Is there an invisible demon flying around loose now!?” I probably wouldn’t believe it if I hadn’t seen it. When we came out of that room, his family saw the same thing. They kept saying how different he looked, and he kept saying how free he felt. He started coming to church regularly after that, and got involved in some kind of motorcycle-riders-for-Jesus outreach program with his father-in-law. About four or five years later I saw him at the local convenience store by our house early Sunday morning on his way to church, and he was still serving Jesus! So, I don’t know if he was really demon-possessed or not – but it sure seemed like something happened to him in that room.
Faith in God
July 11, 2018 at 9:52 am | Posted in Uncategorized | 9 CommentsTags: Biblical faith, commentary on Hebrews, commentary on Mark, faith, faith in God, Hebrews 11, Mark 11, Sunday School lessons on Hebrews, Sunday School lessons on Mark
In Christian ministry we try to balance correction with encouragement. We definitely want to make sure that, as Christians, we are not provoking God to anger by the hardness of our hearts, which is Bible terminology for a willful and obstinate refusal to obey Him. On the flip side, we should be jumping at opportunities to please God in any way we can, after all He has done for us. Well, if you are someone who has trouble with the concept of faith, there is no real nice way to say this: If we want to please God, there is absolutely no way to do it without faith.
But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him.
Hebrews 11:6
And Jesus answering saith unto them, Have faith in God.
Mark 11:22
It is one thing to believe that God exists. It’s a whole other thing to believe that He will do what He says He will do. Christians must believe that He is real; that He can do what He says; and that He will keep the promises He gives to those who obey Him.
In everyday English, if I say, “I really believe in my wife,” you would not take me to mean only that I believe that there is an existential entity named Laura Hampton. No, you would take me to mean that I have faith in her character. I believe she is going to do what she ought to do in a given situation.
Jesus knew God better than anyone knows God. When He told the Disciples, “Have faith in God,” He was telling them that God can and will do what He has said He will do. Vance Havner used to talk about the seemingly contradictory, but actually miraculous, power of faith, by saying that real faith believes the incredible, sees the invisible, and does the impossible. The miraculous is only the miraculous from our point of view. From God’s point of view there is no “miraculous,” because He can do all things (Mark 10:27). From God’s point of view nothing is invisible, because He sees everything (Matthew 6:4). From God’s point of view nothing that He says is “incredible,” because, as the only One Who can not lie, He is completely credible (Hebrews 6:18). As Christians, we must learn to “believe in God.”
On Your Mark…
September 14, 2017 at 4:24 pm | Posted in Mark | 8 CommentsTags: Bible studies, Book of Mark, commentary on Mark, Gospel of Mark, Jesus, Jesus Christ, Sunday School lessons, Sunday School lessons on Mark
I admit it: One of my many faults is that I’m a slow reader. It’s not that I usually have trouble understanding the words or comprehending the sense of what I’m reading. It’s just that I tend to fixate on sentence structure, word choices, and even ambiguous grammar and punctuation. So, while I do read “a lot,” it often takes me far longer than it should to do it.
This goes double for my Bible reading. Bible verses can be so packed with spiritual truth that, if you truly love God’s Word, there is a temptation to go over certain verses, clauses, or even words, multiple times before moving on. Recently I’ve been seeing articles advocating the practice of reading whole books of the Bible in one sitting. While I have done this before, it is a tremendous challenge for me, and I personally don’t recommend it as a proven study method. However, if I had to pick a book which seems most suitable to this practice, I would probably choose the Book of Mark. I’m not saying that I taught or wrote the lessons in this series after a rush-through nonstop reading of Mark, but there is something about the way the Holy Ghost inspired Mark to write about Jesus’s earthly ministry that seems to prompt a desire for “movement,” and “activity,” even “busyness.” Mark shows us Jesus “on the move,” the Divine, yet earthly, Servant Who for about three and a half years went “straightway” about His Father’s business, always on the verge of sprinting off toward the next miracle, teaching opportunity, event, or activity. My prayer is that these lessons will motivate us to stay active and energetic and enthusiastic in emulating His example, as we are motivated by His glorious Gospel:
1. Immediate Service (Mark 1:12-13)
2. A Major Breaking News Story (Mark 1:15)
3. The Ordo Salutis (Mark 1:15)
3. Casting FOR Fish, and Casting OUT Fiends (Mark 1:16-28)
4. Compassion for the Crowds (Mark 1:32-45)
5. Forgiveness, Fulfillment, and Freedom (Mark 2-3)
6. The Gross-Out Factor for Kids (Mark 2:16-17)
7. He Was Beside Himself (Mark 3:21)
8. Serving without Fear (Mark 4-5)
9. Are People Still Possessed by Demons? (Mark 5:1-17)
10. Beware the Furious Fiend (Mark 5:5)
11. Rising Faith (Mark 5:33-42)
12. Faith in Service (Mark 6:1-9)
13. The Direction of True Faith (Mark 6:20-46)
14. Disciples, Defilement, and Division (Mark 7)
15. Clean Hands and Pure Hearts (Mark 7:1-13)
16. Biblical S.T.O.P. Signs (Mark 8)
17. Okay, Who Forgot to Bring the Food?! (Mark 8:12-18)
18. Doubting Disciples Duped by Demonic Distractions (Mark 8:27-36)
9. The One Question You MUST NOT Get Wrong (Mark 8:29) *
20. What Lack I Yet? (Mark 8:35-36)
22. Overcoming Shame (Mark 8:38)
22. His Glory and His Word (Mark 9)
23. Water, Water, Everywhere… (Mark 9:41)
24. Becoming Part of the Family (Mark 9:42)
25. A Pair of Paradoxes (Mark 10:2-16)
26. The POV of Marriage (Mark 10:2-9)
27. Inlaws (Mark 10:17-22)
28. Defining “Impossible” (Mark 10:26-27)
29. A Second Pair of Paradoxes (Mark 10:28-45)
30. Role Reversal Ransom (Mark 10:45)
31. Blind Beggar Boldly Beats Bandwagoners (Mark 10:46-49)
32. The Servant King and Servant Judge (Mark 11)
33. Faith in God (Mark 11:22)
34. The Servant Prophet (Mark 12)
35. Especially the Family (Mark 12:28-31)
36. Living and Giving, Heeding and Proceeding (Mark 12-13)
37. Flipping the Script on the Passover (Mark 14)
38. Purple of Scarlet? (Mark 15:17)
39. Cross-Eyed (Mark 15:29-32)
*most-read post in category
Living and Giving, Heeding and Proceeding
August 22, 2017 at 2:25 pm | Posted in Mark | 2 CommentsTags: Biblical giving, commentary on Mark, end times, eschatology, Mark 13, Olivet Discourse, scribes, Sunday School lessons on Mark, tribulation
And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces, And the chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost rooms at feasts: Which devour widows’ houses, and for a pretence make long prayers: these shall receive greater damnation.
Mark 12:38-40
Jesus warned His disciples of the scribes, not because the scribes would try to physically harm them, but because of the temptation of behaving the way that the scribes behaved. They were proud of their way of living, but there is also a danger of pride in giving:
And Jesus sat over against the treasury, and beheld how the people cast money into the treasury: and many that were rich cast in much. And there came a certain poor widow, and she threw in two mites, which make a farthing. And he called unto him his disciples, and saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, That this poor widow hath cast more in, than all they which have cast into the treasury: For all they did cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all that she had, even all her living.
Mark 12:41-44
God is less interested in our portion than He is in our PROportion when it comes to our giving.
Mark 13 contains the Olivet Discourse, which deals with end-times events. Jesus gave four signs or “birth-pangs” that would mean that the “time of Jacob’s trouble” – the Tribulation – was at hand:
1. The success of false Christs
And Jesus answering them began to say, Take heed lest any man deceive you: For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and shall deceive many.
Mark 13:5-6
2. Nations in conflict
and
3. Natural disasters
And when ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars, be ye not troubled: for such things must needs be; but the end shall not be yet. For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and there shall be earthquakes in divers places, and there shall be famines and troubles: these are the beginnings of sorrows.
Mark 13:7-8
4. Religious persecution
But take heed to yourselves: for they shall deliver you up to councils; and in the synagogues ye shall be beaten: and ye shall be brought before rulers and kings for my sake, for a testimony against them. And the gospel must first be published among all nations. But when they shall lead you, and deliver you up, take no thought beforehand what ye shall speak, neither do ye premeditate: but whatsoever shall be given you in that hour, that speak ye: for it is not ye that speak, but the Holy Ghost.
Mark 13:9-11
This promise of Christ, that He will provide the words to speak for those persecuted for His sake, is not an excuse for those of us today to be unprepared when we know we are going to have opportunities to speak for Him.
Now the brother shall betray the brother to death, and the father the son; and children shall rise up against their parents, and shall cause them to be put to death. And ye shall be hated of all men for my name’s sake: but he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved.
Mark 13:12-13
This makes it sound as if some will be saved during the Tribulation, but we need to be watching, and we need to be prepared, not for the signs themselves, but for Jesus Himself, and we must take heed not to be deceived.
And Jesus answering them began to say, Take heed lest any man deceive you:
Mark 13:5
But take ye heed: behold, I have foretold you all things.
Mark 13:23
Be careful NOT to listen to men more closely than you listen to Jesus.
Take ye heed, watch and pray: for ye know not when the time is.
Mark 13:33
Be careful of earthly “wisdom.” Remember God’s Word and do it. Always be alert and praying. The word “straightway” is used 19 times in the Book of Mark. It means to go forward, to keep moving, to keep looking for the next opportunity to serve Jesus. Movement in the Kingdom of God is His prescription for combating spiritual depression and despair.
The Servant Prophet
August 4, 2017 at 3:14 pm | Posted in Mark, parables | 3 CommentsTags: Biblical prophecy, commentary on Mark, imago dei, Jesus Christ, Mark 12, Parable of the Tenants, prophecy, prophets, Sunday School lessons on Mark
Jesus the Servant was a Servant King, a Servant Judge, and a Servant Prophet. A true prophet teaches, but He stresses obedience. Prophetic teaching is about more than just imparting information. Many of us Christians are educated beyond our level of obedience. Jesus wants us to understand what He says, and to DO what He says.
What shall therefore the lord of the vineyard do? he will come and destroy the husbandmen, and will give the vineyard unto others.
Mark 12:9
Why would the Lord of the vineyard do this? Because of what had been done to His servants, messengers, and his son:
And he began to speak unto them by parables. A certain man planted a vineyard, and set an hedge about it, and digged a place for the winefat, and built a tower, and let it out to husbandmen, and went into a far country. And at the season he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard. And they caught him, and beat him, and sent him away empty. And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully handled. And again he sent another; and him they killed, and many others; beating some, and killing some. Having yet therefore one son, his wellbeloved, he sent him also last unto them, saying, They will reverence my son. But those husbandmen said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and the inheritance shall be ours. And they took him, and killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard.
Mark 12:1-8
If you’re rejecting one truth from God, you have no right to ask Him for a second truth to examine. The Jewish leaders rejected John the Baptist, so why were they examining the teaching of Jesus? Have you ever heard a professing Christian complain that, “I’m just not getting anything out of reading the Bible?” If we are not “getting anything” out of the Bible, it is because we are not “doing” what we do get.
A true prophet stresses obedience, and obedience brings responsibility. Prophets prophesy, but they don’t force people to act on their prophecies by putting a gun to their head or a sword to their neck. The responsibility to obey falls on the hearers.
And they send unto him certain of the Pharisees and of the Herodians, to catch him in his words. And when they were come, they say unto him, Master, we know that thou art true, and carest for no man: for thou regardest not the person of men, but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not? Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may see it. And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar’s. And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s. And they marvelled at him.
Mark 12:13-17
Caesar’s image is on Caesar’s money, so it belongs to Caesar. God’s image is on me, so I belong to God.
The Servant King and Servant Judge
July 27, 2017 at 3:19 pm | Posted in Mark, Uncategorized | 5 CommentsTags: car-jacking, cleansing the Temple, commentary on Mark, greed, house of prayer, Jesus Christ, Mark 11, Palm Sunday, Sunday School lessons on Mark
Jesus Christ was the greatest servant of all time, but He is also the greatest King. A worldly king receives honor by making his people suffer, but the Servant King suffers FOR His own people. Jesus allowed a public demonstration in His honor knowing it would bring about His suffering and death.
And when they came nigh to Jerusalem, unto Bethphage and Bethany, at the mount of Olives, he sendeth forth two of his disciples, And saith unto them, Go your way into the village over against you: and as soon as ye be entered into it, ye shall find a colt tied, whereon never man sat; loose him, and bring him. And if any man say unto you, Why do ye this? say ye that the Lord hath need of him; and straightway he will send him hither. And they went their way, and found the colt tied by the door without in a place where two ways met; and they loose him. And certain of them that stood there said unto them, What do ye, loosing the colt? And they said unto them even as Jesus had commanded: and they let them go.
Mark 11:1-6
At first glance, this looks like a God-condoned car-jacking! Can you imagine just walking up to a stranger’s car (or in this case, his donkey), and driving it (leading it) away – and when the owner says, “Hey, what are you doing?” you tell him, “Jesus told me to do it!” Actually, this wasn’t a theft because the owners gave their consent based on the Disciples’ explanation.
And they brought the colt to Jesus, and cast their garments on him; and he sat upon him. And many spread their garments in the way: and others cut down branches off the trees, and strawed [them] in the way. And they that went before, and they that followed, cried, saying, Hosanna; Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord:
Mark 11:7-9
“Hosanna” meant “save now.” The crowd meant it politically and militarily, but Jesus was fulfilling it prophetically and soteriologically. The culmination of His eternal plan of redemption was going into action NOW.
Jesus was also a Judge, and now He acted as the Servant Judge.
And they come to Jerusalem: and Jesus went into the temple, and began to cast out them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves;
Mark 11:15
He cleansed the Temple, which had become a den of thieves and a place for the religious leaders to hide and conceal what they were really doing. Jesus served in judgment by cleansing the place where “undesirable” people were supposed to worship – poor people and Gentiles – because these people were being exploited and kept from drawing nearer to God by the religious leaders. Is the local church that you belong to in line for this sort of judgment? Is it a house of merchandise or a house of prayer? Has it become a place to exploit people, or is it a place for people to meet and worship God?
Role Reversal Ransom
June 22, 2017 at 11:02 am | Posted in Mark | 7 CommentsTags: Christ our Ransom, commentary on Mark, Jesus Christ, Jesus the Servant, Mark 10, ransom, redemption, Sunday School lessons on Mark
The Gospel of Mark stresses the Lord Jesus’s role as the greatest Servant of all time. We know He came to seek and to save (Luke 19:10). We know He came to destroy the works of the devil (I John 3:8). We know He came to give life, and to give it more abundantly (John 10:10). But we must never forget that He also came to minister.
For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.
Mark 10:45
Any good servant knows he must serve faithfully, fervently, and fondly. However, there comes a time when ordinary servants reach the end of their ability. What earthly servant could sell himself to buy back His master, for is the master not inherently more valuable than the servant? What captor would release a master in exchange for a lowly servant? Here is where we stand amazed at the majesty and intense love of the Master of Glory.
The Lord Jesus came to rescue captives – not merely by paying a ransom, not merely by risking danger in a reckless rescue mission – but by giving Himself as the Ransom to set His Own servants free. Are you free today from death, from sin, from the grave, from Satan, from hell, from the very wrath of the Righteous God Himself? If you are, then do your best to celebrate the Master Who gave His life as ransom to redeem rebellious, hateful, sinful, and helpless servants.
Inlaws
July 27, 2021 at 4:02 pm | Posted in Inlaws, Outlaws, and Scofflaws | 8 CommentsTags: Biblical legalism, commentary on Galatians, Galatians 1, Galatians 2, legalism, legalism in the Bible, Mark 10, Sunday School lessons on Galatians, Sunday School lessons on Mark, the Law of God
In the Bible two basic types of legalism are addressed. One type of legalism is directly contrary to the Gospel. I am going to discuss this type of legalism under the heading “Inlaws,” because it is undergirded by a basic belief that, despite God’s grace and Christ’s sacrifice on the Cross, we still have to be within God’s system of laws, and we have to keep them in order to merit His favor or earn our own part of salvation.
Galatians 2:16
This type of legalism is sometimes known as “works-righteousness.” It is important for us to understand that, while the Law of God is good (Romans 7:12), there are two big problems with believing that keeping the law can save you:
1. The Bible specifically says that it can’t, because that would negate faith in Christ as the exclusive means of salvation (Galatians 2:21).
2. No one can keep the law perfectly (James 2:10).
There are those who would say that a mixture of faith in Christ and the believer’s own good works are necessary for salvation. Baptists and Protestant denominations for the most part have professions or confessions of their faith that deny that works are necessary for salvation, but Romans Catholics, Mormons, Church of Christ, and others believe that grace and faith are necessary, but SOME KIND of works or good deeds must be added to them. And, aside from official positions of different denominations or religions, many people who consider themselves Christians would assent to the idea that salvation is “by grace,” but then argue that it “CAN’T REALLY be FREE??“
This was addressed with the church at Galatia.
Galatians 2:1-3
Circumcision, such an integral part of being a faithful Jewish person, was often a stumbling block to newly converted Jewish Christians. If they had kept the external requirements of the Old Testament Law, they had not previously thought of themselves as wretched sinners – the way they thought of gentiles. The question of whether gentile Christians needed to be circumcised as a requirement of being considered Christians was officially resolved at the Jerusalem Council. It was well-known that the Apostle Paul preached the Gospel of free grace to the gentiles, but there were still some Jewish Christians who didn’t like it. They insisted on trying to add another requirement to faith – even if it was just one: circumcision.
Galatians 2:4
Their argument was that circumcision must be maintained, and that those who opposed it just named Christ as their Lord and Savior, but continued to live in the sort of sin which negated their profession. So they sent spies.
Galatians 2:5-8
Paul was not willing to compromise with anyone or any idea that tried to add to what Jesus had done, even though his missionary focus was primarily gentiles, and Peter’s was primarily Jewish people.
Galatians 2:9-10
Not even Peter could be allowed to create the impression that any sort of work – any sort of rite or ritual or ordinance – played a part in eternal salvation.
Galatians 2:11-14
Paul was so opposed to this type of legalism that he did not spare the harshest condemnation for those who would teach it or fall for it.
Galatians 1:6-9
The person who is right about everything concerning salvation except for the fact that he wants to add a little something to it, something of his own performance, his own doing, is not a “sort-of” Christian. Nor is this a secondary or tertiary or adiaphorous issue. It’s not like a disagreement over how to dress or whether you think Christian rock music is good or evil. The person with a wrong understanding of this type of legalism is “accursed” – barred from being considered a part of the family of faith. Jesus had this same view and taught it explicitly.
Mark 10:17
Someone running and kneeling seems both eager and humble. Add to that his stated interest in ETERNAL life, and you have the recipe for someone you would really enjoy witnessing to if you were a faithful evangelist. This is someone who must have seemed very likely ready to trust Christ once he understood that this is the requirement for receiving eternal life. However, Jesus was never fooled by appearances.
Mark 10:18
That’s kind of a shocking statement coming from Jesus, because, of course He IS good. He’s the ONLY good person in the history of the world. He’s also God. This reveals that the questioning man did not know this and hadn’t really even considered Jesus as anything more than a good moral or religious teacher.
Mark 10:19
This partial listing of the Commandments was a sort of synecdoche for the whole Decalogue.
Mark 10:20
We know that this man hadn’t really perfectly kept the 10 Commandments, or even those listed, throughout his entire life, but Jesus knew his heart and went to the commandment that most people practically overlook: the commandment against covetousness (greed, materialism, idolatry of wealth or possessions).
Mark 10:21-22
This man wouldn’t have thought of himself as a legalist, and he wouldn’t necessarily have taught that doctrine, but, unwilling to let go of his belief that good deeds must play a part, he missed out on the great truth that none of his other law-keeping even mattered when it came to true salvation.
Next time, we will look at the second type of legalism.